Alpha Synuclein
StressMarq Biosciences has developed an extensive range of fibrillar, oligomeric and monomeric protein preparations for use in neurodegenerative disease research including alpha synuclein, beta synuclein, gamma synuclein, tau, amyloid beta, SOD1 and TTR. Our goal is to be the world leader in the development and supply of active, pathology-inducing protein aggregates to assist scientists with disease model development and accelerate neurodegenerative disease drug discovery.
Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs), Oligomers, & Monomers
Alpha synuclein is a highly soluble, small protein without intrinsic structure, abundantly present in the brain, primarily in presynaptic terminals of neurons. It is involved in synaptic vesicle release for signaling, including dopamine, which is important for movement. Alpha synuclein has been shown to aggregate into various oligomeric and fibrillary forms and soluble, misfolded alpha synuclein aggregates are neurotoxic and can spread disease in a prion-like fashion. “Synucleinopathies” are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that includes Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are all caused by misfolded alpha synuclein. Indeed, alpha synuclein aggregation is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease and different forms of the protein can be used to develop disease models that reproduce the pathological features of this disorder.
StressMarq offers a wide variety of monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar alpha synuclein constructs for neurodegenerative disease research. These preparations have different characteristics and properties. Watch our video to learn how our alpha synuclein products can assist scientists to develop disease models and test drug candidates.
Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)
StressMarq’s alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) seed the formation of new fibrils from active alpha synuclein monomers, and can be used to induce endogenous alpha synuclein phosphorylation and subsequent Lewy body inclusion formation in neuronal cell culture or for in vitro oligomerization studies.
Product List | PFFs
Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-322 |
Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1, ATTO 594 conjugated), catalog# SPR-322-A594 |
Mouse Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-324 |
Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2), catalog# SPR-317 |
Human Alpha Synuclein A53T Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-326 |
Human Alpha Synuclein E114C Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (ATTO 488 conjugated), catalog# SPR-518-A488 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein S87N Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-500 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein S129A Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-506 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein TNG (A53T, S87N, N103G) Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-504 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein N-Terminal Acetylated Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-332 |
Rat Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-482 |
Human Alpha Synuclein Filaments (Immature Fibrils), catalog# SPR-450 |
Alpha Synuclein & Tau Co-Polymer Fibrils (Mixed Fibrils/PFFs)
StressMarq’s co-polymer fibrils are developed by co-incubating monomers together to form fibrils that contain both tau and alpha synuclein proteins within a single fibril. These co-polymer fibrils have been demonstrated to seed fibril formation of both alpha synuclein monomers and of a mixture of alpha synuclein and tau monomers.
Product List | Co-Polymer Fibrils
Human Tau-352 (fetal 0N3R) & Human Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils, catalog# SPR-494 |
Human Tau-441 (2N4R) & Human Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils, catalog# SPR-495 |
Alpha Synuclein Oligomers
Alpha synuclein oligomers are increasingly thought to be the toxic species in synucleinopathies. StressMarq’s kinetically stable alpha synuclein oligomers are toxic to dopaminergic neurons and induce phosphorylation of alpha synuclein Ser129 (a pathology associated with Parkinson’s disease), and are generated without the addition of any inducers or inhibitors. StressMarq also offers dopamine-stabilized alpha synuclein oligomers and EGCG-stabilized alpha synuclein oligomers. Dopamine and EGCG can be used to stabilize alpha synuclein in its oligomeric forms, preventing further aggregation into fibrils.
Product List | Oligomers
Human Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Kinetically Stable), catalog# SPR-484 |
Human Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Dopamine HCl stabilized), catalog# SPR-466 |
Human Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (EGCG stabilized), catalog# SPR-469 |
Alpha Synuclein Monomers
StressMarq’s alpha synuclein monomers are capable of aggregation. They do not show neurodegenerative activity.
Product List | Monomers
Human Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-321 |
Human Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 2), catalog# SPR-316 |
Mouse Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-323 |
Human Alpha Synuclein A53T Mutant Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-325 |
Human Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers catalog# SPR-478 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein E114C Mutant Monomers (ATTO 488 conjugated), catalog# SPR-517-A488 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein S87N Mutant Monomers, catalog# SPR-499 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein S129A Mutant Monomers, catalog# SPR-505 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein TNG (A53T, S87N, N103G) Mutant Monomers, catalog# SPR-503 New! |
Human Alpha Synuclein N-Terminal Acetylated Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-331 |
Rat Alpha Synuclein Monomers, catalog# SPR-481 |
Selected Scientific & Product Information
3D Whole-Brain Imaging of Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Following Pre-formed Fibril (PFF) Injection
In collaboration with Gubra, StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein PFFs (catalog#SPR-324) were injected into a mouse brain to generate a 3D whole-brain light sheet fluorescence imaging model, depicting alpha synuclein pSer129+ aggregation (shown in magenta) 4 weeks post -injection.
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Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)
StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein PFFs catalog#SPR-322 (below in red), were shown to be taken up by SH-SY5Y cells and transmitted to neuronal iPSCs within 14 days.
Secondary Structure of Alpha Synuclein Monomers, Oligomers and Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)
Oligomers & Fibrils. UV-CD data suggests that StressMarq’s alpha synuclein oligomers have distinct secondary structure differences compared to our monomers and fibrils. More specifically, our Kinetically Stable Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (cat#SPR-484) show a significantly higher alpha helix content and lower beta sheet/turn content than our Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1) (cat#SPR-322). Alpha Synuclein Monomers (cat#SPR-316) show a strong negative signal at 200 nm, indicative of a disordered protein state (low secondary structure content).
Type 1 & Type 2 Pre-formed Fibrils. UV-CD data suggests StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs), Type 1 (cat#SPR-322) and Type 2 (cat#SPR-317) both have a high beta sheet/turn content, yet do have small secondary structure differences. Alpha Synuclein Monomers (cat#SPR-316) show a strong negative signal at 200 nm indicative of a disordered protein state (low secondary structure content). For this experiment, pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) were subjected to 10 cycles of sonication prior to UV-CD to ensure solubility prior to measurement.
Kinetically Stable Alpha Synuclein Oligomers Induce Toxicity & Pathology
Kinetically Stable Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (catalog#SPR-484) are toxic to dopaminergic neurons and induce phosphorylation of alpha synuclein Ser129, a pathology associated with Parkinson’s disease. They are stable after a freeze-thaw cycle and when incubated at 37 degrees celsius for 2 weeks.
Scientific Publications Using StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein Proteins
Most Recent Alpha Synuclein Citations
- FABP2 is involved in intestinal α-synuclein pathologies. Sekimori, T. et al. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience. 2024.
- Catalog# SPR-322-A594: Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils: ATTO 594 (Type 1)
- C-terminally truncation is a prominent post-translational modification of human erythrocyte α-synuclein. Amagai, R. et al. Journal of Biochemistry 2024.
- Catalog# SPR-331: Human Recombinant N-Terminal Acetylated Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 1)
- Immunization effects of a novel α-synuclein-based peptide epitope vaccine in Parkinson’s disease-associated pathology. Park, J. S. et al. Vaccines 2023.
- Catalog# SPR-322: Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1)
- Fluorescent peptide-based probe for the detection of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the gut. Sim, R. et al. bioRxiv 2023.
- Catalog# SPR-324: Mouse Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1)
Supplemental Learning Materials
Technical Support Resources
- Handling Instructions | Synucleins
- Protocols | Alpha Synuclein
- Sonication Protocol | PFFs
- Frequently Asked Questions | Neuro Proteins
Selected Media from the StressMarq YouTube Channel
- Video | Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs) and Oligomers for Modelling Parkinson’s Disease
- Webinar | Protein Constructs for Neurodegenerative Disease Research | Presented by Dr. Jacob McPhail, Lead R&D Scientist, StressMarq
- Open Theatre | Alpha Synuclein Sonication | Presented Dr. Ariel Louwrier, CEO & President, StressMarq
Selected Articles from the StressMarq Blog
- Alpha Synuclein Fibrillar Constructs | Learn about Type 1 & 2 PFFs, key mutations in PD pathology, and monomeric, fibrillar & oligomeric alpha synuclein.
- Utilizing Alpha Synuclein & Tau in the Development of Conformational Antibodies | A novel systematic workflow for selection of PD & AD disease-specific conformational antibodies.
- Gut Alpha Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease | Exploring implications of alpha synuclein aggregation in enteric neurons for Parkinson’s disease pathology.
- A Propagation Pathway for Mutant Alpha Synuclein Monomers | Translocation of monomeric mutant alpha synuclein indicates aggregation is not sole inducer of PD propagation.
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