Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Catalog No. SPR-478

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Expression System E. coli
Tags No tag
SKU: SPR-478 Category:

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SPR-478_Alpha-Synuclein-A90C-Mutant-Monomers-Protein-FRET-1.png
Coomassie stain of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)Fibril formation of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)AFM of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)Seeding Activity of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)
Product Name Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers
Description

Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Applications WB, SDS PAGE, In vitro Assay, Conjugation, FRET
Concentration 2 mg/mL
Conjugates No tag
Dylight 488
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 1011 g/mol

Dylight 488 Datasheet

Dylight 488 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 493 nm

λem = 518 nm

εmax = 7.0×104

Laser = 488 nm

 

APC/Cy7
Overview:

  • High quantum yield
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested

APC-Cy7 Datasheet

 

ACP-Cy7 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 652 nm

λem = 790 nm

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

 

 

  Dylight 350
Overview:

  • High fluorescence intensity
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Molecular weight: 874 g/mol

Dylight 350 Datasheet

Dylight 350 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 353 nm

λem = 432 nm

εmax = 1.5×104

 

 

  Dylight 405
Overview:

  • High fluorescence intensity
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 793 g/mol

Dylight 405 Datasheet

Dylight 405 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 400 nm

λem = 420 nm

εmax = 3.0×104

Laser = 405 nm

 

Dylight 594
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 1078 g/mol

Dylight 594 Datasheet

Dylight 594 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 593 nm

λem = 618 nm

εmax = 8.0×104

Laser = 526 nm

 

 Dylight 633
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 1066 g/mol

Dylight 633 Datasheet

Dylight 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 638 nm

λem = 658 nm

εmax = 1.7×105

Laser = 633 nm

 

 PerCP 
Overview:

  • Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein Complex
  • Small phycobiliprotein
  • Isolated from red algae
  • Large stokes shift (195 nm)
  • Molecular Weight: 35 kDa

PerCP Datasheet

 PerCP Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 482 nm

λem = 677 nm

εmax = 1.96 x 106

Laser = 488 nm

 

 PE/ATTO 594
PE/ATTO 594 is a tandem conjugate, where PE is excited at 535 nm and transfers energy to ATTO 594 via FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), which emits at 627 nm.
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation

PE/ATTO 594 Datasheet

PE-ATTO 594 Fluorophore Conjugate Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 535 nm

λem = 627 nm

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

 

  FITC (Fluorescein)
Overview:

  • Excellent fluorescence quantum yield
  • High rate of photobleaching
  • Good solubility in water
  • Broad emission spectrum
  • pH dependent spectra
  • Molecular formula: C20H12O5
  • Molar mass: 332.3 g/mol

FITC-Fluorescent-conjugate

FITC Fluorescein Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 494 nm

λem = 520 nm

εmax = 7.3×104

Φf = 0.92

τfl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 67.2

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

 

 ATTO 700
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • Excellent thermal and photostability
  • Quenched by electron donors
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Zwitterionic dye
  • Molar Mass: 575 g/mol

ATTO 700 Datasheet

 ATTO 700 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 700 nm

λem = 719 nm

εmax = 1.25×105

Φf = 0.25

τfl = 1.6 ns

Brightness = 31.3

Laser = 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

 

 ATTO 680
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • Excellent thermal and photostability
  • Quenched by electron donors
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Zwitterionic dye
  • Molar Mass: 631 g/mol

ATTO 680 Datasheet

 ATTO 680 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 680 nm

λem = 700 nm

εmax = 1.25×105

Φf = 0.30

τfl = 1.7 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

 

 ATTO 655
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High thermal and photostability
  • Excellent ozone resistance
  • Quenched by electron donors
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Zwitterionic dye
  • Molar Mass: 634 g/mol

ATTO 655 Datasheet

ATTO 655 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 663 nm

λem = 684 nm

εmax = 1.25×105

Φf = 0.30

τfl = 1.8 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 647 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

 

 ATTO 633
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High thermal and photostability
  • Moderately hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Stable at pH 4 – 11
  • Cationic dye, perchlorate salt
  • Molar Mass: 652.2 g/mol

ATTO 633 Datasheet

ATTO 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 629 nm

λem = 657 nm

εmax = 1.3×105

Φf = 0.64

τfl = 3.2 ns

Brightness = 83.2

Laser = 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

 

 ATTO 594
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation
  • New dye with net charge of -1
  • Molar Mass: 1137 g/mol

ATTO 594 Datasheet

 ATTO 594 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 601 nm

λem = 627 nm

εmax = 1.2×105

Φf = 0.85

τfl = 3.5 ns

Brightness = 102

Laser = 594 nm

Filter set = Texas Red®

 

 ATTO 565
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High thermal and photostability
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation
  • Rhodamine dye derivative
  • Molar Mass: 611 g/mol

ATTO 565 Datasheet

 ATTO 565 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 563 nm

λem = 592 nm

εmax = 1.2×105

Φf = 0.9

τfl = 3.4 n

Brightness = 10

Laser = 532 nm

Filter set = TRITC

 

  ATTO 488
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation
  • New dye with net charge of -1
  • Molar Mass: 804 g/mol 

ATTO 488 Datasheet

  ATTO 488 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 501 nm

λem = 523 nm

εmax = 9.0×104

Φf = 0.80

τfl = 4.1 ns

Brightness = 72

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

 

  ATTO 390
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • Large Stokes-shift (89 nm)
  • Good photostability
  • Moderately hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Coumarin derivate, uncharged
  • Low molar mass: 343.42 g/mol 

ATTO 390 Datasheet

ATTO 390 Fluorescent Dye Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 390 nm

λem = 479 nm

εmax = 2.4×104

Φf = 0.90

τfl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 21.6

Laser = 365 or 405 nm

 

APC (Allophycocyanin)
Overview:

  • High quantum yield
  • Large phycobiliprotein
  • 6 chromophores per molecule
  • Isolated from red algae
  • Molecular Weight: 105 kDa

APC Datasheet

 APC Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 650 nm

λem = 660 nm

εmax = 7.0×105

Φf = 0.68

Brightness = 476

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

 

Streptavidin

Properties:

  • Homo-tetrameric protein purified from Streptomyces avidinii which binds four biotin molecules with extremely high affinity
  • Molecular weight: 53 kDa
  • Formula: C10H16N2O3S
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Streptavidin Datasheet

BiotinBiotin Conjugate Structure

Properties:

  • Binds tetrameric avidin proteins including Streptavidin and neuravidin with very high affinity
  • Molar mass: 244.31 g/mol
  • Formula: C10H16N2O3S
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Biotin Datasheet

HRP (Horseradish peroxidase)

Properties:

  • Enzymatic activity is used to amplify weak signals and increase visibility of a target
  • Readily combines with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form HRP-H2O2 complex which can oxidize various hydrogen donors
  • Catalyzes the conversion of:
    • Chromogenic substrates (e.g. TMB, DAB, ABTS) into coloured products
    • Chemiluminescent substrates (e.g. luminol and isoluminol) into light emitting products via enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL)
    • Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. tyramine, homovanillic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) into fluorescent products
  • High turnover rate enables rapid generation of a strong signal
  • 44 kDa glycoprotein
  • Extinction coefficient: 100 (403 nm)
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

HRP Datasheet

AP (Alkaline Phosphatase)

Properties:

  • Broad enzymatic activity for phosphate esters of alcohols, amines, pyrophosphate, and phenols
  • Commonly used to dephosphorylate the 5’-termini of DNA and RNA to prevent self-ligation
  • Catalyzes the conversion of:
    • Chromogenic substrates (e.g. pNPP, naphthol AS-TR phosphate, BCIP) into coloured products
    • Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) into fluorescent products
  • Molecular weight: 140 kDa
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

AP Datasheet

  R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)
Overview:

  • Broad excitation spectrum
  • High quantum yield
  • Photostable
  • Member of the phycobiliprotein family
  • Isolated from red algae
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Molecular Weight: 250 kDa

R-PE Datasheet

 R-PE Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 565 nm

λem = 575 nm

εmax = 2.0×106

Φf = 0.84

Brightness = 1.68 x 103

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

Filter set = TRITC

 

Nature Recombinant
Species Human
Expression System E. coli
Amino Acid Sequence MDVFMKGLSKAKEGVVAAAEKTKQGVAEAAGKTKEGVLYVGSKTKEGVVHGVATVAEKTKEQVTNVGGAVVTGVTAVAQKTVEGAGSIACATGFVKKDQLGKNEEGAPQEGILEDMPVDPDNEAYEMPSEEGYQDYEPEA
Purity >95%
Other Resources
Protein Length Full length (1 - 140 aa)
Protein Size 14.49 kDa
Field of Use Not for use in humans. Not for use in diagnostics or therapeutics. For in vitro research use only.

Properties

Storage Buffer 20mM Hepes pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 1mM TCEP pH 7.0
Storage Temperature -80ºC
Shipping Temperature Dry Ice. Shipping note: Product will be shipped separately from other products purchased in the same order.
Purification Ion-exchange Purified
Cite This Product Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers (StressMarq Biosciences Inc., Victoria BC CANADA, Catalog # SPR-478)
Certificate of Analysis Protein certified >95% pure on SDS-PAGE & Nanodrop analysis
Other Relevant Information TCEP present to prevent disulfide bonds. Maleimide coupling reactions can be performed efficiently in the presence of TCEP.

Biological Description

Alternative Names SNCA, alpha-synuclein, synuclein, Alpha synuclein monomer, Alpha-synuclein monomer, Alpha synuclein protein monomer, Alpha synuclein monomer, Alpha-synuclein protein, SNCA protein
Research Areas Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience, Parkinson's Disease, Synuclein, Tangles & Tau, Multiple System Atrophy
Swiss Prot P37840-1 (wildtype)
Scientific Background Thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence remains a common measurement of alpha-synuclein fibril formation, yet ThT exhibits poor affinity for oligomers and early aggregates. The alpha-synuclein A90C mutant monomers can be specifically labelled with alternative fluorophores (such as Alexa 488/Alexa 647) via maleimide chemistry to enable more sensitive FRET analysis of aggregation. The A90C mutant showed no perturbation of monomer structure and Alexa Fluor dye attachment to cysteine 90 was demonstrated to have no effect on the kinetics of fibril formation (1-3). Residue 90 is at the periphery of the NAC region, a key constituent of the alpha-synuclein β-sheet fibril core, which results in fluorophores on different monomers coming into close proximity upon formation of β-sheet structure during aggregation (4). Note - to prevent the potential mis-translation of alpha-synuclein Y136 as C136 during E.coli expression, the Y136-TAT construct was used (5).
References 1.Thirunavukkuarasu, et al. 2008. Multiparametric Flurorescence Detection of Early Stages in the Amylord Protein Aggregation of Pyrene-labeled α-Synuclein. J. Mol. Biol. 378(5): 1064-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.034
2.Cremades, et al. 2012. Direct Observation of the Interconversion of Normal and Toxic Forms of α-Synuclein. Cell. 149(5): 1048-59. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.037
3.Horrocks et al. 2015. Fast Flow Microfluidics and Single-Molecule Fluorescence for the Rapid Characterization of α-Synuclein Oligomers. Anal. Chem. 87(17): 8818-26. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01811
4.Iljina et al. 2016. Kinetic model of the aggregation of alpha-synuclein provides insights into prion-like spreading. PNAS. 113(19): E1206-15. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524128113
5.Masuda, et al. 2006. Cysteine misincorporation in bacterially expressed human alpha-synuclein. FEBS Lett. 580(7): 1775-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.02.032

Product Images

<p>Co-aggregation of AF594 and AF488-labelled A90C alpha-synuclein monomers. Half of monomers were labelled with AF594 and half with AF488, and then allowed to aggregate prior to imaging using (A) total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) at the two excitation and emission maxima and (B) single-molecule confocal FRET detection of two oligomer types at Ex488 and Em594. In depth method and oligomer details were previously described by Horrocks et al. in 2015 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01811).</p>

Co-aggregation of AF594 and AF488-labelled A90C alpha-synuclein monomers. Half of monomers were labelled with AF594 and half with AF488, and then allowed to aggregate prior to imaging using (A) total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) at the two excitation and emission maxima and (B) single-molecule confocal FRET detection of two oligomer types at Ex488 and Em594. In depth method and oligomer details were previously described by Horrocks et al. in 2015 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01811).

<p>Coomassie stain SDS gel analysis of E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer showing the protein purity. Lane 1: Biorad All Blue Standards (3uL), Lane 2: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (2ug), lane 3: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (4ug).</p>

Coomassie stain SDS gel analysis of E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer showing the protein purity. Lane 1: Biorad All Blue Standards (3uL), Lane 2: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (2ug), lane 3: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (4ug).

<p>Fibril formation human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers form ThT-positive fibrils over the course of 7 days when shaken at 1000 rpm at 37oC.</p>

Fibril formation human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers form ThT-positive fibrils over the course of 7 days when shaken at 1000 rpm at 37oC.

<p>Representative AFM images of fibrilized alpha-synuclein A90C (non-conjugated). Samples were diluted to 0.25 mg/mL in dH2O, mounted on freshly cleaved mica, washed, dried and analyzed with tapping mode. Image is 10 x 10 µm x-y with a z-range of 30 nm. Scale bar = 2µm.</p>

Representative AFM images of fibrilized alpha-synuclein A90C (non-conjugated). Samples were diluted to 0.25 mg/mL in dH2O, mounted on freshly cleaved mica, washed, dried and analyzed with tapping mode. Image is 10 x 10 µm x-y with a z-range of 30 nm. Scale bar = 2µm.

<p>Seeding activity of human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers are rapidly seeded by wild-type (type 1) alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils to a similar extent as wild-type monomers.</p>

Seeding activity of human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers are rapidly seeded by wild-type (type 1) alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils to a similar extent as wild-type monomers.

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