Transthyretin (TTR) Y78F Variant Monomers

Human Recombinant Transthyretin (TTR) Y78F Variant Monomers

Catalog No. SPR-452

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Expression System E. coli
Tags No tag
SKU: SPR-452 Category:

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SPR-452_Transthyretin-Protein-SDS-PAGE-1.png
Product Name Transthyretin (TTR) Y78F Variant Monomers
Description

Human Recombinant Transthyretin (TTR) Y78F Variant Monomers
Applications WB, SDS-PAGE, In vivo assay, In vitro assay
Concentration Lot/batch specific. See included datasheet.
Conjugates No tag
Dylight 488
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 1011 g/mol

Dylight 488 Datasheet

 Dylight 488 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 493 nm

λem = 518 nm

εmax = 7.0×104

Laser = 488 nm

 

APC/Cy7
Overview:

  • High quantum yield
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested

APC-Cy7 Datasheet

 

 ACP-Cy7 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 652 nm

λem = 790 nm

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

 

 

  Dylight 350
Overview:

  • High fluorescence intensity
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Molecular weight: 874 g/mol

Dylight 350 Datasheet

 Dylight 350 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 353 nm

λem = 432 nm

εmax = 1.5×104

 

 

  Dylight 405
Overview:

  • High fluorescence intensity
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 793 g/mol

Dylight 405 Datasheet

 Dylight 405 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 400 nm

λem = 420 nm

εmax = 3.0×104

Laser = 405 nm

 

Dylight 594
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 1078 g/mol

Dylight 594 Datasheet

 Dylight 594 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 593 nm

λem = 618 nm

εmax = 8.0×104

Laser = 526 nm

 

 Dylight 633
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Less pH-sensitive
  • Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
  • Stringently QC tested
  • Molecular weight: 1066 g/mol

Dylight 633 Datasheet

 Dylight 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 638 nm

λem = 658 nm

εmax = 1.7×105

Laser = 633 nm

 

 PerCP 
Overview:

  • Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein Complex
  • Small phycobiliprotein
  • Isolated from red algae
  • Large stokes shift (195 nm)
  • Molecular Weight: 35 kDa
  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

PerCP Datasheet

  PerCP Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 482 nm

λem = 677 nm

εmax = 1.96 x 106

Laser = 488 nm

 

 PE/ATTO 594
PE/ATTO 594 is a tandem conjugate, where PE is excited at 535 nm and transfers energy to ATTO 594 via FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), which emits at 627 nm.
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation

PE/ATTO 594 Datasheet

 PE-ATTO 594 Fluorophore Conjugate Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 535 nm

λem = 627 nm

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

 

  FITC (Fluorescein)
Overview:

  • Excellent fluorescence quantum yield
  • High rate of photobleaching
  • Good solubility in water
  • Broad emission spectrum
  • pH dependent spectra
  • Molecular formula: C20H12O5
  • Molar mass: 332.3 g/mol
  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

FITC-Fluorescent-conjugate

 FITC Fluorescein Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 494 nm

λem = 520 nm

εmax = 7.3×104

Φf = 0.92

τfl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 67.2

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

 

 ATTO 700
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • Excellent thermal and photostability
  • Quenched by electron donors
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Zwitterionic dye
  • Molar Mass: 575 g/mol

ATTO 700 Datasheet

  ATTO 700 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 700 nm

λem = 719 nm

εmax = 1.25×105

Φf = 0.25

τfl = 1.6 ns

Brightness = 31.3

Laser = 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

 

 ATTO 680
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • Excellent thermal and photostability
  • Quenched by electron donors
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Zwitterionic dye
  • Molar Mass: 631 g/mol

ATTO 680 Datasheet

  ATTO 680 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 680 nm

λem = 700 nm

εmax = 1.25×105

Φf = 0.30

τfl = 1.7 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

 

 ATTO 655
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High thermal and photostability
  • Excellent ozone resistance
  • Quenched by electron donors
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Zwitterionic dye
  • Molar Mass: 634 g/mol

ATTO 655 Datasheet

 ATTO 655 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 663 nm

λem = 684 nm

εmax = 1.25×105

Φf = 0.30

τfl = 1.8 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 647 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

 

 ATTO 633
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High thermal and photostability
  • Moderately hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Stable at pH 4 – 11
  • Cationic dye, perchlorate salt
  • Molar Mass: 652.2 g/mol

ATTO 633 Datasheet

 ATTO 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 629 nm

λem = 657 nm

εmax = 1.3×105

Φf = 0.64

τfl = 3.2 ns

Brightness = 83.2

Laser = 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

 

 ATTO 594
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation
  • New dye with net charge of -1
  • Molar Mass: 1137 g/mol
  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

ATTO 594 Datasheet

  ATTO 594 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 601 nm

λem = 627 nm

εmax = 1.2×105

Φf = 0.85

τfl = 3.5 ns

Brightness = 102

Laser = 594 nm

Filter set = Texas Red®

 

 ATTO 565
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High thermal and photostability
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation
  • Rhodamine dye derivative
  • Molar Mass: 611 g/mol

ATTO 565 Datasheet

  ATTO 565 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 563 nm

λem = 592 nm

εmax = 1.2×105

Φf = 0.9

τfl = 3.4 n

Brightness = 10

Laser = 532 nm

Filter set = TRITC

 

  ATTO 488
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • High photostability
  • Very hydrophilic
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Very little aggregation
  • New dye with net charge of -1
  • Molar Mass: 804 g/mol
  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications. 

ATTO 488 Datasheet

   ATTO 488 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 501 nm

λem = 523 nm

εmax = 9.0×104

Φf = 0.80

τfl = 4.1 ns

Brightness = 72

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

 

  ATTO 390
Overview:

  • High fluorescence yield
  • Large Stokes-shift (89 nm)
  • Good photostability
  • Moderately hydrophilic
  • Good solubility in polar solvents
  • Coumarin derivate, uncharged
  • Low molar mass: 343.42 g/mol
  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications. 

ATTO 390 Datasheet

 ATTO 390 Fluorescent Dye Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 390 nm

λem = 479 nm

εmax = 2.4×104

Φf = 0.90

τfl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 21.6

Laser = 365 or 405 nm

 

APC (Allophycocyanin)
Overview:

  • High quantum yield
  • Large phycobiliprotein
  • 6 chromophores per molecule
  • Isolated from red algae
  • Molecular Weight: 105 kDa
  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

APC Datasheet

  APC Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum Optical Properties:

λex = 650 nm

λem = 660 nm

εmax = 7.0×105

Φf = 0.68

Brightness = 476

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

 

Streptavidin

Properties:

  • Homo-tetrameric protein purified from Streptomyces avidinii which binds four biotin molecules with extremely high affinity
  • Molecular weight: 53 kDa
  • Formula: C10H16N2O3S
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Streptavidin Datasheet

BiotinBiotin Conjugate Structure

Properties:

  • Binds tetrameric avidin proteins including Streptavidin and neuravidin with very high affinity
  • Molar mass: 244.31 g/mol
  • Formula: C10H16N2O3S
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA*

*The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

Biotin Datasheet

HRP (Horseradish peroxidase)

Properties:

  • Enzymatic activity is used to amplify weak signals and increase visibility of a target
  • Readily combines with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form HRP-H2O2 complex which can oxidize various hydrogen donors
  • Catalyzes the conversion of:
    • Chromogenic substrates (e.g. TMB, DAB, ABTS) into coloured products
    • Chemiluminescent substrates (e.g. luminol and isoluminol) into light emitting products via enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL)
    • Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. tyramine, homovanillic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) into fluorescent products
  • High turnover rate enables rapid generation of a strong signal
  • 44 kDa glycoprotein
  • Extinction coefficient: 100 (403 nm)
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA*
    • *The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

HRP Datasheet

AP (Alkaline Phosphatase)

Properties:

  • Broad enzymatic activity for phosphate esters of alcohols, amines, pyrophosphate, and phenols
  • Commonly used to dephosphorylate the 5’-termini of DNA and RNA to prevent self-ligation
  • Catalyzes the conversion of:
    • Chromogenic substrates (e.g. pNPP, naphthol AS-TR phosphate, BCIP) into coloured products
    • Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) into fluorescent products
  • Molecular weight: 140 kDa
  • Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

AP Datasheet

  R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)
Overview:

  • Broad excitation spectrum
  • High quantum yield
  • Photostable
  • Member of the phycobiliprotein family
  • Isolated from red algae
  • Excellent solubility in water
  • Molecular Weight: 250 kDa

 

  • Applications: The listed applications provide a general overview of potential uses for conjugated antibodies. However, they do not guarantee that every antibody-conjugate combination has been tested or validated for these specific applications.

R-PE Datasheet

  R-PE Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra Optical Properties:

λex = 565 nm

λem = 575 nm

εmax = 2.0×106

Φf = 0.84

Brightness = 1.68 x 103

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

Filter set = TRITC

 
Nature Recombinant
Species Human
Expression System E. coli
Amino Acid Sequence MGPTGTGESKCPLMVKVLDAVRGSPAINVAVHVFRKAADDTWEPFASGKTSESGELHGLTTEEEFVEGIYKVEIDTKSFWKALGISPFHEHAEVVFTANDSGPRRYTIAALLSPYSYSTTAVVTNPKE
Purity >95%
Other Resources
Protein Length Full Length
Protein Size 13,876 kDa
Field of Use Not for use in humans. Not for use in diagnostics or therapeutics. For in vitro research use only.

Properties

Storage Buffer PBS pH 7.4
Storage Temperature -80ºC
Shipping Temperature Dry Ice. Shipping note: Product will be shipped separately from other products purchased in the same order.
Purification Ion-exchange Purified
Cite This Product Human Recombinant Transthyretin (TTR) Y78F Variant Monomers (StressMarq Biosciences | Victoria, BC CANADA | Catalog# SPR-452)
Certificate of Analysis Certified >95% pure using SDS-PAGE analysis. Low endotoxin <5 EU/mL @ 2mg/mL.
Other Relevant Information For corresponding PFFs, see catalog# SPR-465

Biological Description

Alternative Names Transthyretin Y78F, TTR Y78F, ATTR, Amyloid polyneuropathy, Amyloidosis I, Carpal tunnel syndrome 1, CTS, CTS1, HEL111, HsT2651, PALB, Prealbumin, Prealbumin amyloidosis type I, Prealbumin Thyroxine-binding, TBPA, Thyroxine binding prealbumin, TTHY_HUMAN, TTR
Research Areas ALS Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Blood, Cardiovascular System, Cell Signaling, Lipid and lipoprotein Metabolism, Metabolism, Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience, Parkinson's Disease, Tangles & Tau
Cellular Localization Cytoplasm, Extracellular exosome, Extracellular Region, Lysosome
Accession Number NP_000362.1
Gene ID 7276
Swiss Prot P02766
Scientific Background The Y78F variant of transthyretin (TTR), a key transport protein for thyroxine and retinol, is increasingly recognized for its role in neurodegenerative disease pathology. This single-point mutation destabilizes the native tetrameric structure of TTR, promoting dissociation into monomers that are prone to misfolding and aggregation.

Unlike wild-type TTR, Y78F monomers exhibit enhanced amyloidogenic potential under physiological conditions. These misfolded species initiate the formation of toxic oligomers and fibrils, contributing to the extracellular deposition of amyloid in neural tissues. Such deposits are implicated in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), particularly in forms affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Recent research has shown that Y78F monomers compromise the integrity of the blood–nerve barrier and trigger neuroinflammatory responses, exacerbating neuronal damage. Their structural instability and altered surface chemistry facilitate interactions with cellular membranes and immune cells, amplifying neurotoxicity.

Understanding the biophysical properties and aggregation pathways of TTR Y78F monomers is essential for developing targeted therapies. Stabilizing the tetrameric form or inhibiting monomer misfolding offers promising strategies to prevent amyloid formation and mitigate neurodegeneration.

In summary, TTR Y78F variant monomers are critical molecular drivers of amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation. Their study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and informs the development of precision therapeutics for ATTR and related disorders.
References 1. Zeldenrust S.R., Benson M.D. (2010). Wiley. pp. 795–815.
2. Westermark P., Sletten K., Johansson B., Cornwell G.G. (1990). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87(7): 2843–5.
3. Andrade C. (1952). Brain. 75(3): 408–27.
4. Coelho T. (1996). Curr. Opin. Neurol. 9(5): 355–9.
5. Jacobson D.R, et. al. (1997). N. Engl. J. Med. 336(7): 466–73. 6. Li X. (2011). Mol Neurodegener. 6(1):79. 7. Terazaki H.,m et al. (2006) Lab Invest. 86(1): 23-31.

Product Images

<p>Coomassie gel stain of Human Y78F TTR Monomer (SPR-452). Load: 2 ug.</p>

Coomassie gel stain of Human Y78F TTR Monomer (SPR-452). Load: 2 ug.

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