Tau and Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils

Name: Tau and Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils
SKU: SPR-494
Availability: InStock

Human Recombinant Tau-352 (fetal 0N3R) and Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils

Catalog No. SPR-494

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Expression System	E. coli
Tags	No tag

SKU: SPR-494 Category: Proteins

Immuno-TEM of Human Tau and Alpha Synuclein co-polymer fibrils Protein (SPR-494)

SDS-Page of Human Tau and Alpha Synuclein co-polymer fibrils Protein (SPR-494)

Thioflavin T assay of Human Tau and Alpha Synuclein co-polymer fibrils Protein (SPR-494)

Product Name Tau and Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils

Description

Human Recombinant Tau-352 (fetal 0N3R) and Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils

Applications WB, SDS PAGE, In vitro assay

Concentration Total Protein Concentration: 2mg/mL (1mg/ml of tau and 1mg/ml of aSyn)

Conjugates

No tag

Dylight 488

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 1011 g/mol

Dylight 488 Datasheet

Dylight 488 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 493 nm

λ_em = 518 nm

ε_max = 7.0×10⁴

Laser = 488 nm

APC/Cy7

Overview:

High quantum yield
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested

APC-Cy7 Datasheet

ACP-Cy7 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 652 nm

λ_em = 790 nm

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

Dylight 350

Overview:

High fluorescence intensity
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent solubility in water
Stringently QC tested
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Molecular weight: 874 g/mol

Dylight 350 Datasheet

Dylight 350 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 353 nm

λ_em = 432 nm

ε_max = 1.5×10⁴

Dylight 405

Overview:

High fluorescence intensity
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 793 g/mol

Dylight 405 Datasheet

Dylight 405 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 400 nm

λ_em = 420 nm

ε_max = 3.0×10⁴

Laser = 405 nm

Dylight 594

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 1078 g/mol

Dylight 594 Datasheet

Dylight 594 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 593 nm

λ_em = 618 nm

ε_max = 8.0×10⁴

Laser = 526 nm

Dylight 633

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 1066 g/mol

Dylight 633 Datasheet

Dylight 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 638 nm

λ_em = 658 nm

ε_max = 1.7×10⁵

Laser = 633 nm

PerCP

Overview:

Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein Complex
Small phycobiliprotein
Isolated from red algae
Large stokes shift (195 nm)
Molecular Weight: 35 kDa

PerCP Datasheet

PerCP Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 482 nm

λ_em = 677 nm

ε_max = 1.96 x 10⁶

Laser = 488 nm

PE/ATTO 594

PE/ATTO 594 is a tandem conjugate, where PE is excited at 535 nm and transfers energy to ATTO 594 via FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), which emits at 627 nm.

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Very hydrophilic
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation

PE/ATTO 594 Datasheet

PE-ATTO 594 Fluorophore Conjugate Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 535 nm

λ_em = 627 nm

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

FITC (Fluorescein)

Overview:

Excellent fluorescence quantum yield
High rate of photobleaching
Good solubility in water
Broad emission spectrum
pH dependent spectra
Molecular formula: C₂₀H₁₂O₅
Molar mass: 332.3 g/mol

FITC-Fluorescent-conjugate

FITC Fluorescein Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 494 nm

λ_em = 520 nm

ε_max = 7.3×10⁴

Φ_f = 0.92

τ_fl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 67.2

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

ATTO 700

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
Excellent thermal and photostability
Quenched by electron donors
Very hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Zwitterionic dye
Molar Mass: 575 g/mol

ATTO 700 Datasheet

ATTO 700 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 700 nm

λ_em = 719 nm

ε_max = 1.25×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.25

τ_fl = 1.6 ns

Brightness = 31.3

Laser = 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

ATTO 680

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
Excellent thermal and photostability
Quenched by electron donors
Very hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Zwitterionic dye
Molar Mass: 631 g/mol

ATTO 680 Datasheet

ATTO 680 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 680 nm

λ_em = 700 nm

ε_max = 1.25×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.30

τ_fl = 1.7 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

ATTO 655

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High thermal and photostability
Excellent ozone resistance
Quenched by electron donors
Very hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Zwitterionic dye
Molar Mass: 634 g/mol

ATTO 655 Datasheet

ATTO 655 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 663 nm

λ_em = 684 nm

ε_max = 1.25×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.30

τ_fl = 1.8 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 647 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

ATTO 633

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High thermal and photostability
Moderately hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Stable at pH 4 – 11
Cationic dye, perchlorate salt
Molar Mass: 652.2 g/mol

ATTO 633 Datasheet

ATTO 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 629 nm

λ_em = 657 nm

ε_max = 1.3×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.64

τ_fl = 3.2 ns

Brightness = 83.2

Laser = 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

ATTO 594

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Very hydrophilic
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation
New dye with net charge of -1
Molar Mass: 1137 g/mol

ATTO 594 Datasheet

ATTO 594 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 601 nm

λ_em = 627 nm

ε_max = 1.2×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.85

τ_fl = 3.5 ns

Brightness = 102

Laser = 594 nm

Filter set = Texas Red®

ATTO 565

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High thermal and photostability
Good solubility in polar solvents
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation
Rhodamine dye derivative
Molar Mass: 611 g/mol

ATTO 565 Datasheet

ATTO 565 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 563 nm

λ_em = 592 nm

ε_max = 1.2×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.9

τ_fl = 3.4 n

Brightness = 10

Laser = 532 nm

Filter set = TRITC

ATTO 488

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Very hydrophilic
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation
New dye with net charge of -1
Molar Mass: 804 g/mol

ATTO 488 Datasheet

ATTO 488 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 501 nm

λ_em = 523 nm

ε_max = 9.0×10⁴

Φ_f = 0.80

τ_fl = 4.1 ns

Brightness = 72

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

ATTO 390

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
Large Stokes-shift (89 nm)
Good photostability
Moderately hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Coumarin derivate, uncharged
Low molar mass: 343.42 g/mol

ATTO 390 Datasheet

ATTO 390 Fluorescent Dye Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 390 nm

λ_em = 479 nm

ε_max = 2.4×10⁴

Φ_f = 0.90

τ_fl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 21.6

Laser = 365 or 405 nm

APC (Allophycocyanin)

Overview:

High quantum yield
Large phycobiliprotein
6 chromophores per molecule
Isolated from red algae
Molecular Weight: 105 kDa

APC Datasheet

APC Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 650 nm

λ_em = 660 nm

ε_max = 7.0×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.68

Brightness = 476

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

Streptavidin

Properties:

Homo-tetrameric protein purified from Streptomyces avidinii which binds four biotin molecules with extremely high affinity
Molecular weight: 53 kDa
Formula: C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃S
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Streptavidin Datasheet

Biotin

Properties:

Binds tetrameric avidin proteins including Streptavidin and neuravidin with very high affinity
Molar mass: 244.31 g/mol
Formula: C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃S
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Biotin Datasheet

HRP (Horseradish peroxidase)

Properties:

Enzymatic activity is used to amplify weak signals and increase visibility of a target
Readily combines with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to form HRP-H₂O₂ complex which can oxidize various hydrogen donors
Catalyzes the conversion of:
- Chromogenic substrates (e.g. TMB, DAB, ABTS) into coloured products
- Chemiluminescent substrates (e.g. luminol and isoluminol) into light emitting products via enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL)
- Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. tyramine, homovanillic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) into fluorescent products
High turnover rate enables rapid generation of a strong signal
44 kDa glycoprotein
Extinction coefficient: 100 (403 nm)
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

HRP Datasheet

AP (Alkaline Phosphatase)

Properties:

Broad enzymatic activity for phosphate esters of alcohols, amines, pyrophosphate, and phenols
Commonly used to dephosphorylate the 5’-termini of DNA and RNA to prevent self-ligation
Catalyzes the conversion of:
- Chromogenic substrates (e.g. pNPP, naphthol AS-TR phosphate, BCIP) into coloured products
- Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) into fluorescent products
Molecular weight: 140 kDa
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

AP Datasheet

R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)

Overview:

Broad excitation spectrum
High quantum yield
Photostable
Member of the phycobiliprotein family
Isolated from red algae
Excellent solubility in water
Molecular Weight: 250 kDa

R-PE Datasheet

R-PE Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 565 nm

λ_em = 575 nm

ε_max = 2.0×10⁶

Φ_f = 0.84

Brightness = 1.68 x 10³

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

Filter set = TRITC

Nature Recombinant

Species Human

Expression System E. coli

Amino Acid Sequence Tau:
MAEPRQEFEVMEDHAGTYGLGDRKDQGGYTMHQDQEGDTDAGLKAEEAGIGDTPSLEDEAAGHVTQARMVSKSKDGTGSDDKKAKGADGKTKIATPRGAAPPG
QKGQANATRIPAKTPPAPKTPPSSGEPPKSGDRSGYSSPGSPGTPGSRSRTPSLPTPPTREPKKVAVVRTPPKSPSSAKSRLQTAPVPMPDLKNVKSKIGSTENLKHQPGGG
KVQIVYKPVDLSKVTSKCGSLGNIHHKPGGGQVEVKSEKLDFKDRVQSKIGSLDNITHVPGGGNKKIETHKLTFRENAKAKTDHGAEIVYKSPVVSGDTSPRHLSNVSSTGSIDMVDSPQLATLADEVSASLAKQGL

Asyn:
MDVFMKGLSKAKEGVVAAAEKTKQGVAEAAGKTKEGVLYVGSKTKEGVVHGVATVAEKTKEQVTNVGGAVVTGVTAVAQKTVEGAGSIAAATGFVKKDQLGKNEEGAP
QEGILEDMPVDPDNEAYEMPSEEGYQDYEPEA

Purity >95%

Other Resources Sonication Protocol

Protein Length Full Length (Tau 0N3R: 1-352 aa, Asyn: 1-140 aa)

Protein Size 0N3R: 36.76 kDa, ASYN: 14.46 kDa

Field of Use Not for use in humans. Not for use in diagnostics or therapeutics. For in vitro research use only.

Properties

Storage Buffer	1X PBS pH 7.4
Storage Temperature	-80ºC
Shipping Temperature	Dry Ice. Shipping note: Product will be shipped separately from other products purchased in the same order.
Purification	Ion-exchange Purified
Cite This Product	Human Recombinant Tau and Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils (StressMarq Biosciences Inc., Victoria BC CANADA, Catalog # SPR-494)
Certificate of Analysis	Protein certified >95% pure on SDS-PAGE & Nanodrop analysis. Low endotoxin <5 EU/mL @ 2mg/mL.
Other Relevant Information	For corresponding monomers, see catalog# SPR-321 and SPR-490

Biological Description

Alternative Names	MAPT, Fetal Tau, 0N3R, neurofibrillary tangle protein, paired-helical filament, PHFs, SNCA, NACP, PARK1, asyn, alpha-synuclein, pre-formed fibril, PFFs, mixed fibrils
Research Areas	Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience, Parkinson's Disease, Synuclein, Tangles & Tau, Multiple System Atrophy
Swiss Prot	P10636-2 and P37840-1
Scientific Background	Brain-specific tau isoforms vary in the number of N-terminal inserts and C- terminal repeat domains due to alternative splicing of exons; only the shortest isoform of tau, 0N3R, is expressed in the fetal brain during neurogenesis (1). Tau and alpha-synuclein polymerize into amyloid fibrils to form filamentous inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Tau has been shown to interact with alpha-synuclein in vitro (2), with synergistic cross-seeding between tau and alpha-synuclein resulting in polymerization of each other into fibrillary amyloid lesions in neuronal cultures and in vivo (3,4). Recombinant tau and alpha-synuclein co-polymer fibrils have demonstrated a more widespread transmission of induced pathology in a rodent model of tauopathies compared to pure Tau or alpha-synuclein fibrils alone (5). These co-polymer fibrils have also shown enhanced alpha-synuclein aggregation in vitro, and more severe alpha-synuclein pathology and Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms in mice (6).
References	1. Goedert et al. Multiple Isoforms of Human Microtubule-associated Protein Tau: Sequences and Localization in Neurofibrilary Tangles of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuron. 1989;3(4):519-526. 2. Jensen et al. α-synuclein Binds to Tau and Stimulates the Protein Kinase A-catalyzed Tau Phosphorylation of Serine Residues 262 and 356. 1999. JBC. 274(36): 25481-25489. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.36.25481 3. Giasson et al. Initiation and Synergistic Fibrillization of Tau and Alpha-Synuclein. Science. 2003; 300: 636-40. DOI: 10.1126/science.1082324 4. Guo et al. Distinct α-synuclein Strains Differentially Promote Tau Inclusions in Neurons. 2013. Cell. 154(1) doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.057. 5. Williams et al. Differential Cross-seeding Properties of Tau and α-synuclein in Mouse Models of Tauopathy and Synucleinopathy. Brain Communications. 2020; 2(2):fcaa090. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa090 6. Pan et al. Tau Accelerates α-synuclein Aggregation and Spreading in Parkinson’s Disease. 2022. Brain. Doi: 10.1093/brain/awac171

Product Images

<p>TEM of Fetal Tau 0N3R & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils (SPR-494). Negative stain transmission electron microscopy images of SPR-494 acquired at 80 Kv on carbon coated 400 mesh copper grids using phosphotungstic acid and uranyl acetate stain.</p>

TEM of Fetal Tau 0N3R & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils (SPR-494). Negative stain transmission electron microscopy images of SPR-494 acquired at 80 Kv on carbon coated 400 mesh copper grids using phosphotungstic acid and uranyl acetate stain.

Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE (12%) of Fetal Tau 0N3R & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils. MW ladder = Precision Plus Protein All Blue pre-stained standards.

<p>In vitro Seeding activity of Fetal Tau 0N3R & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils in ThT Assay. Tau 0N3R and Alpha Synuclein co-polymer fibrils seed fibril formation of both Alpha Synuclein monomers and of a mixture of Alpha Synuclein and Tau 0N3R monomers over 72 hours. Reactions (100uL) shaken at 600 rpm in Greiner-Bio 96 Well Non-Binding Cell Culture Microplates, Black (Greiner-Bio Catalog #655900) at 37°C and read with an XPS Microplate Reader set at 450nmex/485nmem.</p>

In vitro Seeding activity of Fetal Tau 0N3R & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils in ThT Assay. Tau 0N3R and Alpha Synuclein co-polymer fibrils seed fibril formation of both Alpha Synuclein monomers and of a mixture of Alpha Synuclein and Tau 0N3R monomers over 72 hours. Reactions (100uL) shaken at 600 rpm in Greiner-Bio 96 Well Non-Binding Cell Culture Microplates, Black (Greiner-Bio Catalog #655900) at 37°C and read with an XPS Microplate Reader set at 450nmex/485nmem.

<p>Immuno-TEM of Tau & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils. Fibrils absorbed onto carbon- coated copper grids. Grids were blocked with 1% BSA and 0.1% Tween-20 in PBS, incubated sequentially with primary antibodies at 20 µg/mL in blocking buffer, washed, then incubated with secondary antibodies at 20 µg/mL in blocking buffer, washed and stained with 2% uranyl acetate as a negative stain. 6nm (asyn) and 12nm (tau) signals only appear together in the same fibril strand for the co-polymer fibril samples, and no antibody cross reactivity is observed in control alpha-synuclein or tau fibrils. Primary antibodies: Mouse anti-human asyn monoclonal (StressMarq SMC-532) and rabbit anti-human tau polyclonal (StressMarq SPC-802); Secondary antibodies: 6nm Colloidal Gold-conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse (Jackson ImmunoResearch 115-195- 146) and 12nm Colloidal Gold-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit (Jackson ImmunoResearch 111-205-144).</p>

Immuno-TEM of Tau & Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils. Fibrils absorbed onto carbon- coated copper grids. Grids were blocked with 1% BSA and 0.1% Tween-20 in PBS, incubated sequentially with primary antibodies at 20 µg/mL in blocking buffer, washed, then incubated with secondary antibodies at 20 µg/mL in blocking buffer, washed and stained with 2% uranyl acetate as a negative stain. 6nm (asyn) and 12nm (tau) signals only appear together in the same fibril strand for the co-polymer fibril samples, and no antibody cross reactivity is observed in control alpha-synuclein or tau fibrils. Primary antibodies: Mouse anti-human asyn monoclonal (StressMarq SMC-532) and rabbit anti-human tau polyclonal (StressMarq SPC-802); Secondary antibodies: 6nm Colloidal Gold-conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse (Jackson ImmunoResearch 115-195- 146) and 12nm Colloidal Gold-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit (Jackson ImmunoResearch 111-205-144).

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